2019-11-21

What’s going on here ? (13)

7.4. knowledge formation and societal evolution


Two ideas, stand out in “7.2. About the mind and thinking“, that have fundamental implications for the societal process of knowledge formation :

  1. the total power of the ‘body’s processing machine’1 is bound to remain hidden forever from our thinking mind “

  2. the difficulty to master the process of conscious reconciliation of the subconscious experience is an intrinsic limitation to the formation of knowledge “

This post addresses the following:

  • 7.4.1. The role of the mind
  • 7.4.2. Limitations to the societal formation of knowledge  
  • ___________




    7.4.1. The role of the mind


    The body’s processing machine addresses all matters relating to the following :
    • survival of the human body,
    • the linkages and inter-relatedness of humanity with all other entities on earth,
    • the linkages and inter-relatedness of humanity with the whole universe.

    The mind will, for ever, be blind to most of those matters. But seen that the mind arises, out of the plan of the body’s processing machine, what is it that the mind is meant to address ?

    From the perspective of the body, and of biological evolution, the answer resides in the increase of their own potential within the realm of the agenda of life. As I wrote here above the agenda of the principle of life is to increase the complexity of the systems sustaining species”. Evolution has a direction. Forward all toward more complexity. It begs thus the question ‘how can the mind participate directly or indirectly in increasing the complexity of the systems sustaining living species? ’.

    I think that the answer to this question resides in life’s second evolutionary path that I addressed in the following terms in 7.1. : societal evolution since its emergence has always been a zillion times faster than biological evolution, in driving physical and mental changes in the individual-particles making up our species and, in generating ever more complexity in human societies”.

    We saw here above how the mind has been instrumental in the process of knowledge formation that started in small bands. And knowledge formation is what has put in motion the economic changes that increased the capacity of small bands to feed more mouths. The resulting growth in population destabilized the small band model of organization and this begged for a new form of organization capable to manage larger groups. After a long transition made of experimentation, everywhere on earth, local groups settled on the same tribal model of society that institutionalized the formation of knowledge in the person of the (wo)man of knowledge or shaman.

    The mind has thus acted as the catalyst of the emergence of knowledge formation that unleashed the potential of societal evolution. And the mind arose out of the singularity that emerged from the working of the body’s processing machine. The links in this chain of causality invoke so many complex processes that one is tempted to think that the whole process was acted out as if it was intentional. I know that this idea is opening a can of worms. Modernity screwed so firmly in our minds, the materialist way of thinking that posits ‘everything that is’ emerged randomly starting from the working of the smallest of particles, that we have come to admit the proposition as if it was a dogma. But why would the alternative way of thinking, which posits ‘everything that is’ has emerged from the unfolding of the grand plan of the universe, be less valid ?

    With the emergence of power societies the working of the mind had been assaulted by the propaganda of the men of power to manipulate their citizens into submission. Attracted by the material rewards bestowed by power some men of knowledge have acted as the purveyors of a new worldview which was then propagandized by visual arts for all to share.


    ___________





    China was perhaps the unique exception to this power scheme. Due to the vastness of its territory the process of tribal cultural unification was continuous without interruption until the wise-men, who were acting as the symbol of that cultural unification, bestowed on themselves some of the characters of power, like material possessions, that separated them from the other men of knowledge and their people. This separation eventually traced the path to a later dynastic transmission of the symbolism of cultural unity which initiated imperial power. But all along this process of cultural unification, and its transformation into imperial power, animism remained the worldview shared by all under the auspices of the wo(men) of knowledge or shaman. In the early empire they were called the “Wu”2 and exercised their functions in Chinese imperial courts. According to Donald MacInnis the Wu exercised their functions as late as in the CCP dynasty.

    In contrast during the Middle-Eastern3 transition from tribal societies to empire the tribal cultural unification, that was the reason for building Gobekli Tepe some 12,000 years ago, rapidly reached the physical limits of a comparatively small territory. This explains why power societies emerged far earlier than in China. Power in the Middle-East erupted as an answer to an animist cultural unification that had been paralyzed by a lack of territory to expand in. And this explains why the continuity of the animist worldview was broken in favor of new worldviews that justified the power grab by a minority over the group. Gobekli Tepe was the representation of the knowledge formation of the animist worldview that the local populations were sharing. To help the spread of the new foundational narrative Gobekli Tepe had to disappear. It was simply buried.

    The differences, in the territorial context in which the transition from tribal societies to power societies unfolded, explains why the Middle-east and China ended up with such radically different axioms of civilization. Since their emergence these axioms have been shared for thousands of years by the minds of the citizens of the countries participating in these two civilizational realms and they gradually ossified into unconscious habits.

    In periods of high tension, as for example the present day tensions between the US and China, peoples’ attitudes transform in caricatures of these civilizational axioms. And so we observe that the successful economically reborn grand-mother of nations, China, is wondering how an adolescent US nation can possibly want to impose its rules on it. The US for its part, observing China’s otherness, wants to transform it in its own ‘exceptional image’ and threatens to destroy it if it does not comply4. There is no better caricature of Western dualism than an angry and totally unconscious US nation …


    __________


    With Early-Modernity the narrative of the Western worldview was adapted to the interests of the new rich merchants and image crafters supplied the visual representations to spread their propaganda. In the process their status mutated from image crafters to artists. Modernism rejected the early-Modern worldview and in the ensuing confusion of the 2nd WW US state propagandists and merchants sized the opportunity and took over the ownership of the art-world. I address these questions extensively in the Organic Art Manifesto. What is important to note here is that the US liquidation of the historical function of art parallels the liquidation of worldviews in Western societies that gave way to Western societal atomization in Late-Modernity.


    As we have seen Late-Modernity is concluding with the convergence of (1) the shift of the center of gravity of the economy-world and the crisis of the governance-world that it unleashes, (2) the converging side-effects of Modernity that already initiated the 6th mass-extinction of life on earth. And the scenarios, about the potential outcome of this convergence as I laid them out in 7.3, do not bode well for the future of homo-sapiens. But we should remember that it is in the nature, of the way of the universe, to clean up after a species spoils its habitat. Herein resides our present predicament but also, I think, the chance for our species to participate in the continuity of life on earth.

    What I mean here is founded in a subconscious mindscape than the reason of my conscious mind has difficulties to reconciliate. In this subconscious mindscape I see a new balance of nature emerging from this clean-up by the way of the universe. And in this new balance resides a new and indispensable role for the mind. This role will be to force the adjustment of the worldview of After-Modernity to the imperatives of the multiple systems that the body’s processing machine addresses :
    • the survival of the human body,
    • the linkages and inter-relatedness of humanity with all other entities on earth,
    • the linkages and inter-relatedness of humanity with the whole universe.

    In other words the role of the mind that I see potentially developing in After-Modernity relates to the conception of the new worldview. The fiasco of Modernity and the resulting balancing act of nature will force humanity to return to the application of our ancestors’ precautionary principle which will give a new impetus to a form of knowledge formation more attuned to humanity’s ancestral animist way.

    To be more precise I think that in light of the predicament of Late-Modernity, the power of the mind will be called upon to formalize principles of knowledge formation that are in agreement with the imperatives addressed by the body’s processing machine. The future knowledge formation of humanity will be restricted to the process of conscious reconciliation of the subconscious experience. And this restriction will limit the access to knowledge to a small minority. Thinking about the future implies being able to imagine its unfolding in the particular context of After-Modernity. The primary concern in After-Modernity will, without any possible doubt, be to ensure that knowledge produces the adequate responses so that societal evolution unfolds in full respect of the precautionary principle. Societal necessity will force future societies to re-institute the function of the traditional wo(men) of knowledge to care about the formation of societal knowledge that is necessary in order to possibly apply the precautionary principle.

    If the minds of future men of knowledge were to succeed in this task, whatever serious the damages of Modernity might be, humanity might be set on the path of a new cycle of increased societal complexity. And humanity would then have a real chance to jump, over any Modernity style dead-ends, and to march into a far more advanced cycle of sustainable complexity than whatever Modern scientism might be dreaming about today …




    7.4.2. Limitations to societal formation of knowledge



    As I wrote here above the difficulty to master the process of conscious reconciliation of the subconscious experience is an intrinsic limitation to the process of knowledge formation. I addressed the distinction between knowledge and science in “chapter 1: pragmatism versus ideology - science versus knowledge”.

    We have to come to terms with the fact that knowledge and science are not the same thing :

    Knowledge concentrates on trying to counter negative impacts on society and its citizens that might originate in the body-mind of the individuals, in the interactions of the species with the elements in its local habitat in interactions with bigger ensembles and ultimately with the whole. Understanding that everything is interrelated, that human well-being can easily be disrupted, and mastering the remedies against such disruptions is called wisdom. Wisdom is avoiding the rise of negative outside factors or side-effects. This particular role of knowledge was construed primarily as a “precautionary principle” meant to exclude the possibility of any human actions that could lead to the rise of side-effects that would affect the generations to come”.

    The role of science is fundamentally different from the role of knowledge :

    Since its inception science has been financed by investors, or by institutions acting as their public servants, with the hope to return them profits. As such science is limited to the acquisition of “knowings” about very narrow segments of reality that are destined to help investors to reduce the costs of their actual productions or to develop totally new productions. Science is thus at the service of capital and its public servants. In contrast the finality of knowledge is exclusively to ensure human well-being.

    To help investors realize further profits science recourses exclusively to the conscious mind. The conscious mind functions very well to gain ‘knowings’, within a very short timespan, that are applicable to the production of new commodities. But the fact of the matter is that under Modernity the reason that is at work within capital has taken such a profound control over the conscious mind that the precautionary principle is simply ignored. Late-Modernity is live proof that the profit motive plays a spell on the conscious mind of capital holders, of scientists, and of nearly all the citizens who are constantly in a trance-like waiting for their commodities.

    Part of the predicament, that we face in Late-Modernity, is to force scientists to recognize the reality of their captive condition. Naomi Oreskes latest article “The greatest scam in history”5 gives us some hints as to this capture :

    “… for more than 30 years, the fossil-fuel industry and its allies have denied the truth about anthropogenic global warming. They have systematically misled the American people and so purposely contributed to endless delays in dealing with the issue by, among other things, discounting and disparaging climate science, mispresenting scientific findings, and attempting to discredit climate scientists. … Science isn’t enough. The rest of us are needed. And we are needed now.”

    The problem with Naomi Oreskes’ conclusion is that in the present media climate of fake news, lies, and misrepresentations the public just does no longer know who to believe. The social sciences, and more particularly economics, are seen as having legitimized globalization and in the eyes of the populations science is thus responsible for the loss of good paying jobs and the liquidation of the middle-class in the West. This, and so many other side-effects caused by the inventions of scientists, helps to explain why the populations have largely lost trust in science.

    Knowledge has definitely been the ultimate priority of humanity over the last tens of thousands of years. Science is a young toddler in contrast, and if it survives the predicament of Late-Modernity, it will definitely be made a subservient to knowledge. Its responsibility in generating the damages of Modernity will indeed not be forgotten so lightly. The new founding myths of After-Modernity will take care of that. In the eyes of future historians Modernity will figure as a short parenthesis between the end of power societies and After-Modernity. Modernity will be viewed as the apogee of power societies. But this short parenthesis will for ever be remembered as the worse calamity to befell life on earth.

    Having clarified the distinction between science and knowledge I want to address the process of knowledge formation as it has been observed to operate as a societal process all along history. But to do that I’ll make a detour through the Dao De Jing. I have indeed been perplexed for a long time by its chapter 656 :
    • line 1, reads as follows : “The ancients who knew how to follow the Tao Aimed not to enlighten the people. But to keep them ignorant ”,
    • line 2 : “The reason it is difficult for the people to leave in peace Is because of too much knowledge. Those who seek to rule a country by knowledge Are the nation's curse. Those who seek not to rule a country by knowledge Are the nation's blessing.7
      Translation by Lin Yutang

    In our present context of Late-Modernity the content of this sentence is going straight against the grain of political correctness. It has taken me 4 decades of studying Animism and Chinese Traditional Culture to come to appreciate the profound wisdom residing in this political incorrectness. And this new understanding was also the key that allowed me to unlock the mystery of the present loss of cohesion in Western societies.

    Here follow a few other translations, of the same sentences, that will help to clarify their meaning :

    • John R. Mabry :
      • Line 1: “In ancient times those who followed the Tao Did not try to educate the people. They chose to let them be”.
      • Line 2: “The reason people become hard to govern Is that they think they know it all. So, if a leader tries to lead through cleverness, He is nothing but a liability. But if a leader leads, not through cleverness, but through goodness, this is a blessing to all”.
    • Peter Merel:
      • The ancients did not seek to rule people with knowledge, But to help them become natural”.
      • It is difficult for knowledgeable people to become natural. To use law to control a nation weakens the nation. But to use nature to control a nation strengthens the nation“.
    • Ch’u Ta-Kao :
      • In olden times the best practicers of Tao did not use it to awaken the people to knowledge, But used it to restore them to simplicity”.
      • People are difficult to govern because they have much knowledge. Therefore to govern the country by increasing the people's knowledge is to be the destroyer of the country; To govern the country by decreasing their knowledge is to be the blessers of the country.”.
    • World Peace :
      • From time immemorial the sage has not tried to teach oneness but has embedded peace and harmony in the openness of a simple life”.
      • Why is it so hard to rule? Because people are at one with their leaders. Leaders who use cleverness are confronted with more cleverness. Cleverness only manifests confusion. Those who flow in the peace and harmony of oneness lead without attempting cleverness and are a blessing to everyone”.

    The animist knowledge, as well as the knowledge contained in all great religions and traditional philosophies that evolved at the end of the transition from tribes to empires, were passed down through secret apprenticeship by men of knowledge who were at the service of their fellow citizens but who also lived at a distance from them. The ‘Dao De Jing’ refers to the working of this ancient system. But why would knowledge have been kept at a distance from the people?

    The ‘Dao De Jing’ observes that knowledge is a curse because it distances its holder from the simplicity of the working of nature and mires his mind into confusion which limits the achievement of his full potential. For these reasons the ‘Dao De Jing’ teaches to help people become natural, to return to a simple life, by embedding peace and harmony at the core of their life. Traditional Chinese Culture embodies these principles. By focusing on pragmatism in daily life, planting gathering conserving cooking etc…, it hides the abstractions being elaborated in the minds of the wo(men) of knowledge in order to devise the best ways to manage their society. And so the people are being spared the confusion resulting from cleverness and the competition that it entails.

    ___________





    In High-Modernity big capital holders ordered their public servants to initiate an education service in order to ease the production of ever more sophisticated material goods. Education was indeed meant to train the minds to the technical needs of production and to the techniques of marketing and sales. Consumerism was highly encouraged all throughout society. But education did not succeed to limit the access to knowledge solely to this functional need. All kinds of other matters reached the minds of the students. And so High-Modernity overwhelmed the individual with knowledge that was meant to ensure his capacity to chose among the multiplicity of available commodities and candidates for public office. This choice became synonymous with the exercise of the individual’s ‘free will’. And so the propaganda cycle was complete.

    But the logical outcome of the spread of knowings to ease consumerism and democracy had non-intended consequences :

    • the confusion of the minds intocleverness’ projected the illusion in the individuals’ minds that they know better about anything than anyone else including scientists and other specialists. And so The reason people become hard to govern Is that they think they know it all” as John R. Mabry correctly notes in his translation of line 2. 
       
    • the confusion of the markets for ideas, into a noise machine, equalized everybody on its level playing field, former men of knowledge, scientists, political decision makers, and all kinds of charlatans. The consequence of this equalization became crystal clear in Late-Modernity. The noise machine has reached such deafening levels that no one is able any longer to make the distinction between what is real and what is fake.

    This observation simply confirms the analysis that hyper-individualism has concluded in societal atomization which is when the individuals are separated and live in complete isolation and loneliness. But the fact of the matter is that virtual bonding does not compensate for the absence of real bonding and so societal atomization inevitably collapses societal cohesion. The loss of their societal cohesion announces the inevitable fall of Western societies out of the domain of history.

    This is the moment when big capital and its servants took notice that they were losing the plot. They are now rushing to put in place all kind of totalitarian measures in the hope of keeping the lid over their cooking societal pots while accusing Chinese state capital holders of their own sins.



    ___________



    At the origins of societal evolution, in the context of small bands, the reservation of knowledge as the exclusive domain of the shaman, was instituted as the natural outcome of the penury of hands available to gather the means of subsistence for all. This was the reason why one individual, the least productive one in gathering, was tasked with the group’s knowledge formation. A second parameter soon reinforced the shamans’ monopoly on knowledge. The trances that transported their mind into their subconscious frightened their fellow tribesmen out of their wits. This resulted in their voluntary and deliberate social estrangement from their wo(men) of knowledge. In other words the fear of the process of knowledge formation is what kept tribesmen at a distance from knowledge.

    The build-up of that social distance between the tribesmen and their shaman forced the latter to socialize with their peers into the neighboring tribes during initiation ceremonies held, out of view of their fellow tribesmen, in the underworld of caves or under the cover of forests. What the Dao De Jing celebrates is that particular historical process of knowledge formation, that kept the citizens at a distance from knowledge, under animism. The distance between citizens and knowledge persisted under the Chinese empire but its geographic expansion was gradually attracting more minds. The Dao De Jing was vouching quite explicitly against the enlargement of the state and the decline in the distance between citizens and knowledge.

    A question now arises: does that historical estrangement of the population from the process of knowledge formation still make any sense today?

    For minds that have been hardening, for the entirety of their lives under the ideology of Modernity, it makes no doubt that this kind of question will appear as a deception to sustain the power of the elite. But does this question warrant such a distrust?

    In light of our present Western context this kind of historical estrangement of the population, from the process of knowledge formation, appears first as a necessary adaptation to the hard reality that knowledge formation is an extremely difficult and harsh process that is not a given to everyone. And secondly it appears as the appropriate answer to the following 3 facts :

    1. the difficulty to master the process of conscious reconciliation of the subconscious experience is an intrinsic limitation to the access of knowledge”. This remains as true today as it always was for our ancestors8.
    2. the captive state of science, toward capital, denies it a societally significant role in knowledge formation and corners it into being a servant of big capital. The role of science is the production of knowings that will help capital to generate more profits. 9 Some leeway is allowed scientists in fundamental science. For sure; I know. But Let’s never forget that fundamental science itself is financed to supply avenues for ‘application science’ which is a direct client of capital.
    3. in the context of power societies the media is owned by big capital and it spews daily fake news and propaganda to manipulate the minds into submission which is maddening the citizens into a state of incomprehension

    In light of the predicament of Late-Modernity we can safely predict that, after the emergence of what comes after Modernity, the power of the mind will necessarily be called upon to act as the protector of the imperatives addressed by the body’s processing machine. And so the fresh memory of the damages inflicted by Modernity will force humanity to return to the application of the precautionary principle.

    It is at this stage that the 3 factors here above are acquiring their real significance. Indeed. Only knowledge has the societal ability to impose the respect of the precautionary principle. For this very reason it is my understanding that after experimentation our descendants will ‘naturally’ rediscover the necessity of guaranteeing the independence of knowledge formation from societal interests and from the separation of the individuals through ‘cleverness’. This will justify instituting the role of the wo(men) of knowledge in After-Modernity.

    __________






    Notes



    1     In 7.2. on mind and thinking:

          The conscious mind is a process that emerges out of a ‘singularity’ resulting from the working, of what I call the body’s processing machine which totals the processing power, of the brain of the gut and of our DNA-RNA”.

    2    “Wu” is translated as “shaman” in Chinese. The “Wu” are referenced in Chinese literature as assistants to the imperial courts till as late as the Late Qing. McInnis even traces their presence around the leadership of the CCP
    3    About the transition from tribal societies to empire see: “From Modernity to After-Modernity (18). Part 2. Theoretical considerations. Chapter 4. About societal governance and societal evolution.

    5   "The Greatest Scam in History: How the Energy Companies Took Us All by Naomi Oreskes in countercurrents.org. November 11, 2019 
     
    8    About the traditional animist process of knowledge formation: see “From Modernity to After-Modernity. Book 2: About theoretical considerations. Chapter 1. About the formation of human knowledge


    9    Knowledge versus knowings. See What is going on? Chapter 1: pragmatism versus ideology. 1.1. Worldview and quasi-worldview. Science versus knowledge.”

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